English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The population requiring hemodialysis (HD) in the United States continues to grow, with recent studies reporting over 370,000 Americans with end stage renal disease (ESRD) who are HD-dependent [1]. The creation of functional HD access is often the limiting step in uti‐ lization of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Since the 1960s, the creation of hemodialysis ac‐ cess has become one of the most commonly performed procedures in the United States with over 500,000 vascular access procedures performed per year [2]. This represents approxi‐ mately 8% of the annual Medicare budget allocated to patients with ESRD [3]. The magni‐ tude of the associated economic and human costs is further exemplified by the fact that up to 25% of patients with ESRD will die due to inadequate hemodialysis access [5]. This clini‐ cal situation and societal burden makes understanding the basic management steps and op‐ tions for hemodialysis access of key importance to all healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients who require HD.

Hemodialysis Access: Initial Considerations and the Difficult Patient