English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

One phase thermally stratified flow occurs in horizontal piping where two different layers of the same liquid flow separately without appreciable mixing due to the low velocities and difference in density (and temperature). This condition results in a varying temperature dis‐ tribution in the pipe wall and in an excessive differential expansion between the upper and lower parts of the pipe walls. This phenomenon can induce thermal fatigue in the piping system threatening its integrity. In some safety related piping systems of pressurized water reactors (PWR) plants, temperature differences of about 200 oC can be found in a narrow band around the hot and cold water interface. To assess potential piping damage due to thermal stratification, it is necessary to determine the transient temperature distributions in the pipe wall (Häfner, 2004) (Schuler and Herter, 2004).

Experimental Investigation and Computational Validation of Thermal Stratification in Piping Systems of PWR Reactors