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Compared to polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics such as Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)-O3 (PZT), domain en‐ gineered relaxor ferroelectric single crystals Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PZN-xPT) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT) show greatly enhanced electromechanical properties: the piezoelectric coefficient d33 and electrically induced strain of <001> oriented single crystals direction can respectively reach 2500pC/N and 1.7%, or even greater [1],[2]. PZN-xPT and PMN-xPT with outstanding properties are usually near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), separating rhombohedra (R) and tetragonal (T) phases [1], [4], [5]. For example, the MPB is located within a range of x=0.275-0.33 for PMN-xPT [6], [7]. Recent investigations have also shown that the MPB of PMN-xPT and PZN-xPT is actually in a multi-phase state at room temperature [8], [9]. e.g., the coexistence of rhombohedra (R) and monoclinic (M) phases at x=0.33 or rhombohedra and tetragonal phases at x=0.32. Other phases can also exist near MPB under stress and/or electric field loading. Experiment studies [10], [11], [12] and first-princi‐ ples calculations [4], [13]reveal that two different homogeneous polarization rotation path‐ ways are present between rhombohedra and tetragonal phases under an electric field. It is found that three kinds of intermediate monoclinic phases MA, MB and MC are associated with the two pathways [9], [10]. Orthorhombic phase has also been observed between the rhombo‐ hedra and tetragonal phases when PMN-PT is loaded with strong electric field along the <110> direction [9],[14]. Although the mechanism underlying the high performance of these crystals is not completely clear, the existence of the intermediate phases and the associated phase tran‐ sitions are believed to be one of the main reasons [1], [3], [4], [8], [10].

Electromechanical Coupling Multiaxial Experimental and Micro-Constitutive Model Study of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3- 0.32PbTiO3 Ferroelectric Single Crystal