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The Azerbaijan Republic is an ancient country located on the South-East of the Caucasus Mountains and on the North-West of the Iranian Plateau, at the crossroads of Eastern Eu‐ rope and Southwest Asia. Extreme diversity of the soil and climatic conditions of Azerbaijan support a very rich diversity of plant genetic resources. More than 4700 higher plants have been registered here, 237 of which are endemic. Historically wild fruits are used by people for food, as medicinal crops and for other purposes. Azerbaijan is considered one of the evo‐ lution centers of cultivated plants. Practically all present-day major cultivated plants ap‐ peared for the first time in Azerbaijan several millennia B.C. As an example, evidence of ancient horticulture was discovered in a settlement west of Goy-Gol in the early second mil‐ lennium B.C. Fruit crops (apple, pear, apricot, pomegranate, quince, fig, almond, walnut, ha‐ zelnut etc.) and grape have been cultivated to meet the demands of the population for foodstuff and other products. Most of these crops are still considered major agricultural crops in the country. In the book of the ancient Greek scientist Strabon “Geography” was indicated a high prevalence of fruits in Azerbaijan: “The whole country is rich in wild and cultural fruits, evergreens, even olive grows here”.

Centuries-Old Results of Cultivation and Diversity of Genetic Resources of Grapes in Azerbaijan