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The orientation of the cellulose microfibrils in the S2 layers of the cell walls of softwood has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of wood. The angle between the cellulose fibrils and the longitudinal cell axis, the microfibril angle, MFA was found to be a critical factor in determining the physical and mechanical properties of wood (Cave, 1997). For this reason, considerable effort has been directed towards the measurement of the cellulose MFA. Direct measurement of MFA has been made by highlighting microfibrils in individual cell walls with iodine staining, but the most widely adopted techniques use either wideangle X-ray diffraction or small-angle X-ray scattering The pioneering work of Cave (1966) and Meylan (1967) led to the use of the ‘T’ parameter derived from the curve distribution of the intensity diffracted by the (002) planes of the cellulose fibrils.

Cellulose Microfibril Angle in Wood and Its Dynamic Mechanical Significance