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The hydrogen is a clean fuel source, which produces water vapor as the only exhaust gas when it is burnt with oxygen. The chemical energy density of hydrogen (142 MJ/kg) is at least three times larger than that of other chemical fuels. When the hydrogen is electrochemically burnt using a fuel cell system, the efficiency can reach 50~60%, twice as much as the thermal process because the efficiency of the direct process of electron transfer from oxygen to hydrogen in a fuel cell system is not limited by the Carnot efficiency in [1]. However, the hydrogen volume is 3000 times higher than that of gasoline at room temperature and atmosphere because it is a molecular gas. Therefore, on-board hydrogen energy storage need compact, light, safe and affordable containment. The condensation of a monolayer of hydrogen on a solid leads to a maximum of 1.3x10–5 mol/m2 of adsorbed hydrogen. For automotive applications, the US DOE required a hydrogen storage capacity of greater than 6.5 wt% and ambient temperatures for hydrogen release and moderate storage pressures for industrial applications. Hydrogen storage in carbon materials is a very attractive field since high gravimetric storage capacities may be possible owing to the low specific weight and high specific surface area of carbon. The reversibly adsorbed quantity of hydrogen on nanostructure graphitic carbon amounts to 1.5 mass% per 1000 m2/g of specific surface area at 77 K (liquid nitrogen temperature) in [1]. On active carbon with the specific surface area of 1315 m2/g, 2 mass% of hydrogen was reversibly adsorbed at a temperature of 77 K in [2]. Carbon materials with different nanostructures are available for hydrogen storage, e.g. carbon nanofibers (CNF), graphite nanofiber (GNF), carbon nanohorns, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT), and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT).

Electrospun Nanofibrous Materials and Their Hydrogen Storage