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Natural killer (NK) cells are a heterogeneous multifunctional population of immune cells traditionally classified as cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system [1]. NK cells possess several key characteristics of innate immune cells. They are capable of rapid effector response without prior sensitization and express a range of germline-encoded receptors that do not need any additional rearrangement. On the other hand NK cells share some phenotypic and functional characteristics with cytotoxic T cells: they express common surface markers (CD2, CD7, CD8), recognize infected and tumor-transformed cells of host organism and also mediate the similar mechanism of granule-dependent cytolysis. NK cells are able to interact with major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) self-molecules as distinct from other innate immune cells. Moreover, recent findings show that NK cells possess a form of immunological memory [2]. Thus, NK cells represent evolutionary and functional link connecting innate and adaptive immunity.

Stress-Induced Molecules in Regulation of NK Cell Activity