English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Free-space optical (FSO) communications using intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD), is a cost-effective and high bandwidth access technique, which has recently received significant attention and commercial interest for a variety of applications [30, 44]. Optical wireless communication systems are rapidly gaining popularity as effective means of transferring data at high rates over short distances due to the necessity of a cost-effective, license-free, and high-bandwidth access communication technique [12, 30, 36, 44]. These systems facilitate rapidly deployable, lightweight, high-capacity communication without licensing fees and tariffs. Terrestrial FSO is not free of challenges though. Amajor impairment over FSO links is the atmospheric turbulence, caused by the variations in the refractive index because of inhomogeneities in temperature and pressure changes. In clear weather conditions, the atmospheric turbulence results in fluctuations at the intensity of the received signal, i.e., signal fading, also known as scintillation in optical communication terminology [6, 11]. Turbulence is caused by inhomogeneities of both temperature and pressure in the atmosphere and can severely degrade the link performance, particularly over link distances of 1 km or longer. The performance of this technology depends strongly on the atmospheric conditions between the transmitter and the receiver and the parameters of the link such as the length and the operation wavelength. Effects of fog, rain, atmospheric gases, and aerosols also result in beam attenuation due to photon absorption and scattering [25].

Performance Analysis of SISO and MIMO FSO Communication Systems Over Turbulent Channels