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Controlling and guiding light with planar waveguide has a great potential to fabricate attractive optical devices such as modulators [1], filters [2] and sensors [3]. Although many studies use planar waveguide made of dielectric materials or semiconductors, metals also play an important role in this field. Metals have been usually used as mirror in the visible or infrared regions. By constructing the dielectric layer sandwiched by two metal layers and forming the metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) structure, we can obtain the unique optical properties which the dielectric planar waveguides do not have. Recently, Shin et al. reported that this structure can function as the negative refraction lens for surface plasmon waves on a metal surface. This structure provides a new way of controlling the propagation of surface plasmons, which are important for nanoscale manipulation of optical waves [4].

Optical Devices Based on Symmetrical Metal Cladding Waveguides