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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the prize we are paying for an energy-efficient life under oxygen. They play a role in many diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemiareperfusion injury, inflammation, type-2 diabetes, certain neurodegenerative diseases, even cancer and, certainly, aging (Kohen & Nyska, 2002). Among these ROS are several radicals such as the hydroxyl, peroxy, alkoxy as well as the superoxide anion radical (Boveris, 1977). Direct measurement of the radicals is hampered by their short half lifes in the range of nanoto microseconds. They can, however, be trapped by addition to nitrones leading to relatively stable nitroxides with t1⁄2 of minutes (Janzen, 1971). Respiring mitochondria are a major source of ROS, particularly of the superoxide anion radical, which is formed in complexes I and III (Cadenas & Davies, 2000; Droge, 2002; Inoue et al., 2003; Turrens, 2003).

Fluorescent Nitrones for the Study of ROS Formation with Subcellular Resolution