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Agriculture and farming has changed dramatically during the past 30 years, from farmers being a social group enjoying political, economic and societal support to the current situation where farmers struggle to find legitimacy for a continued production. Norwegian family farming has mainly been organised as a relation between farm (unit of production) and the household (the family) (Blekesaune, 1996a). Research on family farming has focused upon structural changes, following economic and political trends in modern society (Buttel et al., 1990). Recurring questions have been: How can family farming as an institution survive when industry in general is capitalised? (Friedmann, 1978a; 1978b; Mann & Dickinson, 1978): When will family farming be subsumed to the interests of big agribusiness enterprises? (Friedland, 1984; Newby, 1978). Consideration of such matters has been grounded in structural theories of political economy and political sociology (Buttel et al., 1990). Farmers’ own will and motivation have been of marginal interest in these studies (Johnsen, 2003). This does not mean that micro-sociological studies have been absent, but they have been mainly concentrated to inter-human relations such as changing gender patterns in agriculture (e.g. Almas, 1983; Brandth, 2002). One underlying questions of this chapter deals with classical concerns, such as: Why does family farming still exist? Agriculture has clearly been rationalised since the 1950s, but households based production still dominate in Norwegian agriculture.

Exploring the Sociology of Agriculture: Family Farmers in Norway - Future or Past Food Producers?