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The fabrication of nanostructured ceramic membranes by anodising pure aluminium in various acidic electrolytes has attracted considerable attention in recent years because the anodisation process enables the preparation of films with well controlled, uniform pores from tens to several hundreds of nanometres in diameter. The basic cell structure containing cylindrical pores has long been known (O’Sullivan & Wood, 1970; Furneaux et al., 1989) and methods for preparing pore arrays in a hexagonal pattern with interpore distances of between 50 to 500 nm have been reported (Masuda & Fukuda, 1995; Masuda et al., 1997, 1998; Li et al., 1998). The preparation of regular pore arrays typically involves electrolytic polishing and multiple anodising steps or even mechanical pre-texturing (Asoh et al., 2001). As-prepared porous anodic alumina (PAA) membranes are amorphous to X-ray diffraction (XRD). Their chemical composition is not stoichiometric Al2O3 but incorporates a considerable quantity of anion impurities and hydroxyl groups incorporated from the anodising electrolyte into the alumina structure or bound to the alumina surface (Thompson, 1997).

Fabrication, Structure and Properties of Nanostructured Ceramic Membranes