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The Arctic has come under intense scrutiny by the scientific community in recent years. This is due to the key role played by the region in the variability of the world ocean and, hence, the Earth’s climate, its vast and still not fully realized natural resources, and rapidly increasing technogenous load on the environment (Shapovalov, 2010). The White Sea of Russian Arctic (the only Russian inland sea) is characterized by extreme diversity of enclosed estuarine systems that are inhabited by unique biota (Krasnova, 2008, Lisitzin et al, 2010). These environments, which were wildernesses not long ago, are often sites of anthropogenic impacts that expose them to risk (Peresypkin & Romankevich, 2010). In the recent decades significant research efforts have been undertaken to evaluate concentration of potential contaminants (such as trace metals, oil pollutants, and chemically resistant anthropogenic substances) in sea waters, sediments, and food chains of the White Sea with special attention devoted to shallow areas and enclosed estuarine systems (Koukina et al., 2001, 2010, Savenko, 2006). Most of these areas were found to be characterized by very active fronts and biogeochemical barriers creating small scale variability in hydrodynamic, lithological and geochemical patterns that significantly complicates the differentiation of sites of natural element accumulation from sites of anthropogenic contamination (Koukina et al, 2003, Pantiulin, 2001).

Ecological Research of Arctic Restricted Exchange Environments (Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea, Russian Arctic)