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The microelectronics activity regroups the study, design, and manufacturing of very small electronic components. These devices are essentially based on interconnected transistors, sort of “switches” which allow controlling the electric current, and are made of semiconductor materials. Depending on the voltage applied to its “gate” electrode, a transistor is in ON state (high current) or OFF state (smallest possible current and low power consumption). Since the invention of the first transistor in 1948, technological progress allowed miniaturizing drastically electronic circuits, and the industry grew fast up to now. For example, the first microprocessor of INTEL (the “4004”) contained 2300 transistors while the Pentium 4 in the early 2000’s got 55 millions of transistors and the dual core more than 150 millions. To have a clear idea on the fast growing of this industry, in the 60’s and 70’s, the number of transistors in integrated circuits was doubled every year. Since the 80’s, the standard rule is a factor 2 every 18 months. This evolution is more known as the “Moore’s law”. Of course, such an industry implies several companies. Microelectronics is become very competitive in performances as well as for economical aspects. The price of 1 million of transistor was 75000 € in 1973, while it was of 6 cents in 2000 then 0.5 cent in 2005. The common objective in microelectronics is so to go ahead with the improvement of transistor in all aspects (electronic performances and economical).

Nanowires: Promising Candidates for Electrostatic Control in Future Nanoelectronic Devices