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In membrane processes, flux decline takes place as an inherent result of membrane fouling that varies with specificity in their implementations. The membrane fouling having uncontrollable or unexplainable complexity in many cases leads to somewhat loss of process efficiency which results mainly in costly pretreatment, higher operating pressure requirement, limited recoveries, feed water loss, frequent chemical cleaning and short lifetimes of membranes as the factors increasing the water and energy costs (Aydiner, 2010, as cited in Tu et al., 2005; Hoek et al., 2008; Van der Bruggen et al., 2008). In recent years, more economical operation of membrane processes is to be taken into account based on lower energy and membrane costs in practice. At this point, understanding the reasons lying under the fouling phenomena as related with a membrane’s performance is to be rather valuable task in terms of scientific and technological developments of these processes (Danis & Aydiner, 2009). However, non-generalization course of the fouling during a membrane filtration necessitates the use of either modeling tools or specific analyses for clarifying meaningful performance-fouling relationships in each specific application. The modeling solutions are widely utilized not only to expose these relations but to put forward performance dynamics intended for a main aim of systematic representation and reasoning. A specific modeling study for lab-scale researches mostly results in simulation deficiencies or key limitations in attainment of a definitive solution when compared to that for realworld implementations. As a matter of fact, the development of simple, accurate and effective models needs to produce a solution relying on a “solution-directed focus” approach which includes full-scale consideration of theoretical and practical issues of the events. But, it is explicit that successive synchronization of model assemblies with real-time could not be entirely accomplished by the community of membrane scientists and technologists at this time. In that sense, it can be said that specific membrane analyses based on either in-situ or ex-situ characterizations could be foreseen as a progressive tool on the purpose of obviating interruption or non-coordination of transition among small and large

Interrelated Analysis of Performance and Fouling Behaviors in Forward Osmosis by Ex-Situ Membrane Characterizations