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Fail-safe biogenesis of mRNA is crucial for translating genetic information into proteins in a high-fidelity manner. This process occurs in the nucleus and involves various mRNA processing steps. Recent findings indicate that these mRNA processing steps and the export of mRNA into the cytoplasm are linked in eukaryotic cells. This link is called ‘coupling’ and is thought to be indispensable for precise and efficient gene expression, because this coupling mechanism is conserved among many species. Through this coupling mechanism, only the properly-processed mRNAs are efficiently exported to the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. Various mRNA binding proteins are identified to function in this system. Most of these proteins are recruited to the transcripts at an early stage of the mRNA lifecycle. Moreover, these proteins remain associated with the transcripts to a much later stage and function by prompting mRNA processing in the nucleus, coupling the mRNA processing steps and its export and surveillance of the improperly-processed mRNA in the cytoplasm. Here we review mRNA biogenesis in eukaryotic cells with an emphasis on the importance of this coupling mechanism for highfidelity gene expression.

mRNA Biogenesis in the Nucleus and Its Export to the Cytoplasm