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In the field of developmental biology, day by day data are accumulated to describe the molecular mechanisms involved in gamete cell production (oogenesis and spermatogenesis) and the sperm-egg interaction/fusion (fertilization) leading the formation of zygote to embryo (embryogenesis) that ultimately develop into a complete body. Here, we will review how oocyte maturation, sperm mediated egg activation/fertilization and early steps of embryogenesis are accomplished and regulated through protein phosphorylation(s) highlighting the participating molecules (e.g. protein kinases) (this chapter) and their regulators and substrates (another chapter entitled “Part II. Kinase Regulators and Substrates”). Meiosis is the process by which diploid germ-line cell reduces their number of chromosomes in half to generate haploid gamete and combine with opposite sex haploid gamete to create a genetically new, diploid individual. Oocyte maturation, which undergoes two meiotic cell cycles that arrest at several stages, has been studied extensively in many species of vertebrates and invertebrates. A lot of review articles on oocyte meiotic maturation of different species have been written (Kang and Han 2011; Liang et al. 2007; Machaca 2007; Madgwick and Jones 2007; Schmitt and Nebreda 2002a; Tripathi et al. 2010). In almost all vertebrates, oocyte meiotic cell cycle starts during fetal life (at 4-5 weeks) but arrest at first in diplotene stage of first meiotic prophase (before the metaphase I or MI) that may last for several months or years in follicular microenvironment depending on the species (Mehlmann and Jaffe 2005; Sirard 2001; Trounson et al. 2001; Wassmann et al. 2003). The progression of meiotic cell cycle is also arrested, in many but not all species, at stages of second meiotic metaphase II (MII) and/or metaphase-like arrest (MIII). During oocyte

Phospho-Signaling at Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization: Set Up for Embryogenesis and Beyond Part I. Protein Kinases