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This book chapter investigated the potential of using exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets, GNP, as the multifunctional reinforcement in high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. HDPE/GNP nanocomposites were fabricated by the conventional compounding method of melt-extrusion followed with injection molding. The mechanical properties, crystallization behaviors, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity of the resulting HDPE/GNP nanocomposites were evaluated as a function of GNP concentration. Results showed that HDPE/GNP nanocomposites exhibit equivalent flexural modulus and strength to HDPE composites filled with other commercial reinforcements such as carbon fibers (CF), carbon black (CB) and glass fibers (GF). But they have superior impact strength. By investigating the crystallization behavior of HDPE/GNP nanocomposites, it was found that GNP is a good nucleating agent at low loading levels and as a result can significantly increase crystallization temperature and crystallinity of HDPE. At high GNP loadings, however, the close proximity of GNP particles retards the crystallization process. The thermal stability and thermal conductivity of HDPE/GNP nanocomposites were significantly enhanced as a function of GNP concentration due to the excellent thermal properties of GNP. Meanwhile, results indicated that the percolation threshold of these nanocomposites prepared by the conventional melt extrusion and injection molding is relatively high at around 10-15 vol% GNP loading. The high percolation threshold is mainly due to the sever GNP aggregation and platelets alignment during the processing conditions as verified by the morphology. To enhance their electrical conductivity and lower the percolation threshold, a wax coating method was introduced in this study which is proved to be efficient in improving the dispersion of GNP in HDPE which is responsible for the better electrical and mechanical properties in the resulting nanocomposites.

Properties of Injection Molded High Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites Filled with Exfoliated Graphene Nanoplatelets