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Layered ternary compounds, Mn+1AXn (where M is an early transition metal, A is an A group element, X is C or N, and n = 1-3), also called the MAX phases, are layered carbides or nitrides crystallizing with hexagonal symmetry structure [1,2]. These ceramics combine the characteristics of metals and ceramics such as high strength and modulus, low density, good electrical and thermal conductivity, easy machinability, damage tolerance, and resistance to thermal shock and high temperature oxidation. To date, more than 50 M2AX compounds (not list for brevity), five M3AX2 compounds (Ti3SiC2, Ti3GeC2, Ti3AlC2, Ta3AlC2, and Ti3SnC2), and seven M4AX3 (Ta4AlC3, Ti4AlN3, Ti4SiC3, Ti4GeC3, Nb4AlC3, V4AlC3, and Ti4GaC3) were identified. For 413 phases, it has been determined that there are two kinds of atomic stacking sequences along [0001] direction. Ti4AlN3, Ti4SiC3, Ti4GeC3, α-Ta4AlC3, Nb4AlC3, and V4AlC3 have the same Ti4AlN3-type crystal structure with atomic arrangement of ABABACBCBC along [0001] direction. Only β-Ta4AlC3 was determined to have the ABABABABAB atomic arrangement along [0001] direction. In detail, the difference of atomic arrangements between฀β-Ta4AlC3 and α-Ta4AlC3 lay in the diversity of atomic positions. The atomic positions of β-Ta4AlC3 were described as Ta1 at (4f) (1/3, 2/3, 0.05524), Ta2 at (4f) (2/3, 1/3, 0.16016), Al at (2c) (1/3, 2/3, 1/4), C1 at (2a) (0, 0, 0), and C2 at (4e) (0, 0, 0.11125). While, the atomic positions of α-Ta4AlC3 were determined as Ta1 at (4f) (1/3, 2/3, 0.05453), Ta2 at (4e) (0, 0, 0.15808), Al at (2c) (1/3, 2/3, 1/4), C1 at (2a) (0, 0, 0), and C2 at (4f) (2/3, 1/3, 0.10324).

Sintering and Properties of Nb4AlC3 Ceramic