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Both genetic and environmental factors affect an individual’s risk for chronic obstructive lung disease [1]. Air pollution continues to be a major public health concern in industrialized cities throughout the world. Recent population and epidemiological studies that have associated ozone and particulate exposures with morbidity and mortality outcomes underscore the important detrimental effects of these pollutants on the lung. Interindividual variation in human responses to air pollutants suggests that some subpopulations are at increased risk to the detrimental effects of pollutant exposure, and it has become clear that genetic background is an important susceptibility factor. Environmental exposures to inhaled pollutants and genetic factors associated with disease risk likely interact in a complex fashion that varies from one population to another [2]. Investigations have suggested an influence of age on genetic susceptibility to lung cancer and other diseases, which indicate that an interaction between age and genetic background may be important in air pollution disease pathogenesis [3]. Tobacco smoke is an important contributor to the factors in the environment that impact on the health of individuals, including the fetus in the womb.

Transgenerational Effects of Maternal Nicotine Exposure During Gestation and Lactation on the Respiratory System