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Cyanine photosensitizing dyes have been studied for over 150 years and continue to be of interest in their biology and medicine. They have been shown to possess various biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, macrophage activating, and oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling activities (Hayami, 1984; Ushio et al., 2009; Ishihara & Fujisawa, 2007; Kunikata et al., 2002; Takeguchi et al., 1985). Some dyes have been used as immunomodulators to treat allergy and rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and to promote wound healing (Trauner et al., 1998; Motoyoshi et al., 1991). Since cumulative evidence suggests an involvement of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as the common feature in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders (Amor et al., 2010; Wolozin & Behl, 2000a, 2000b), it would be reasonable to expect that cyanine dyes with anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory properties could protect the central nervous system from neuroinflammatoryrelated brain insults.

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Effects of NK-4, a Cyanine Dye with Antioxidant Activities: Attenuation of Neuronal Deficits in Animal Models of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Brain Ischemia and Neurodegenerative Diseases