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Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biobased aliphatic polyester prepared by condensation polymerization of lactic acid (2-hydroxy propionic acid) or ring opening polymerization of lactide in the presence of suitable catalysts (Garlotta, 2001; Lim et al., 2008). Lactic acid and lactide are chiral molecules (Figure 1). Lactic acid has two optical isomers, L-(+)-lactic acid or (S)-lactic acid and its mirror image D-(−)-lactic acid or (R)-lactic acid. Lactide is the cyclic di-ester of lactic acid and has three stereoisomers, i.e. meso-lactide, D-lactide and L-lactide. The majority of the commercially produced lactic acid is made by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates. PLA has great potentials as an alternative to petroleum-based synthetic polymers and has been exploited as biodegradable thermoplastics for packaging and as FDA approved biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery (Dorgan et al., 2001; Langer &Peppas, 2003).

intech ebooks

Batch Foaming of Amorphous Poly (DL-Lactic Acid) and Poly (Lactic Acid-co-Glycolic Acid) with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: CO2 Solubility, Intermolecular Interaction, Rheology and Morphology