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Optics, one of the oldest natural sciences, has been promoting the developments of sciences and technologies, especially the life science. The invention of the optical microscope eventually led to the discovery and study of cells and thus the birth of cellular biology, which now plays a more and more important role in the biology, medicine and life science. The greatest advantage of optical microscopy in the cellular biology is its ability to identify the distribution of different cellular components and further to map the cellular structure and monitor the dynamic process in cells with high specific contrast. In 1960’s, with the invention of laser, an ideal coherent light source with high intensity was provided. Since then the combination of optical microscopy with laser has been expanded. Many novel optical microscopic methods and techniques were developed, such as various kinds of fluorescence microscopy. In fluorescence microscopy, the necessary chemical specificity is provided by the labeling samples with extrinsic fluorescent probes [1, 2]. With the developments of ultra-short laser, fluorescent labeling technique and modern microscopic imaging technique, the fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy with high spatial resolution, sensitivity and chemical specificity has become the key promotion of the life science and unveiled many of the secrets of living cells and biological tissues [3, 4]. In particular, the confocal fluorescent microscope (CFM), with the confocal detection [5] and multi-photon excitation [6, 7], can obtain the 3D sectioning images of cells and tissues with high spatial resolution. Today, fluorescence microscopy has become a powerful research tool in life science and has achieved the great triumph. Nevertheless, the disadvantages of fluorescence microscopy, such as the photo-toxicity and photo-bleaching, can not be ignored [8]. Furthermore, some molecules in cells, such as water molecule and other small biomolecules, can not be labeled until now. Finally, for the biological species that do not fluoresce, the extrinsic fluorescent labels will unavoidablely disturb the original characteristics and functions of biological molecules, which will limit the applicability of fluorescence microscopy. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop some complementary

Ultra-Broadband Time-Resolved Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Spectroscopy and Microscopy with Photonic Crystal Fiber Generated Supercontinuum