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A correct indication and specific knowledege in planning and harvesting free transplants are needed to minimize morbidity and maximize quality of life (QOL). Since the introduction of microvascular surgery in the 1970s, continuous surgical efforts and research were made to optimize the techniques. Consequently, there exist distinct technical modifications and alternatives that give the surgeon the possibility of adequate technique and flap-design selection dependent on the patient and situation. In the 1990s, the free forearm flap became the most utilised technique for free tissue transfer in the head and neck, with success rates of over 90% (Soutar & McGreagor, 1986, Swanson et al., 1990). The forearm flap was described by Yang and colleagues in 1981 for the first time and has become one of the most used transplants for reconstruction in the head and neck and a widely used transplant for other indications as well. Various complications and functional impairments at the donor site have been reported so far which are presented together with techniques to minimize them, and together with the characteristics, indications and design options of this flap.

The Forearm Flap - Indications, Appropriate Selection, Complications and Functional Outcome