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Diabetic retinopathy is a frequent complication of diabetes, and leads to acquired blindness. A variety of gene and molecules have been studied to clarify its pathophysiological mechanism. The retina is involved in the vision process and contains neuronal cells that are the most sensitive to changes in the retinal environment, and the physiological barrier structure is important for maintaining optimal retinal homeostasis. The blood-retinal barrier (BRB) is composed of two cellular barriers, the tight junction of the retinal capillary endothelial cells (inner BRB) and the retinal pigment epithelial cells (outer BRB), restricting nonspecific material transport between the circulating blood and the retina. However, the specific transport of low molecular weight compounds, that is the supply of nutrients and elimination of undesired toxic compounds, is carried out by membrane transporter molecules at the BRB, suggesting that they are closely related to diabetic retinopathy. Since it is also known that two thirds of the human retina is nourished by the inner BRB (CunhaVaz, 2004; Hosoya & Tomi, 2005), in this chapter, we will describe the relationship between diabetic retinopathy and the membrane transporter molecules expressed at the inner BRB.

Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Transporters: Relevance to Diabetic Retinopathy