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Sorghum bicolor is one of the most important cereals in the world after rice, maize, wheat and barley. In 2010, more than 60 million tons were produced from approximately 50 million ha around the world. It is an important crop in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world and it is primarily used in Brazil as a supply for an increasing livestock market. However, the Brazilian sorghum productivity is low (1,500 to 2,500 kg/ha) and extremely variable along the years, typical of a culture sowed in marginal climate conditions and mainly without the use of high input technologies. Conventional breeding programs have already done a great deal of research to increase the sorghum productivity, though in some fields, the gains obtained by these programs are reaching stationary levels due to the lack of genetic variability (Nwanze et al., 1995). Alternatively, recombinant DNA technology and the generation of transgenic plants can increment conventional breeding programs through the amplification of the gene pool that can be used to improve sorghum environmental fitness and nutritional qualities.

Genetic Transformation of Immature Sorghum Inflorescence via Microprojectile Bombardment