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Mangroves usually occur in the intertidal zone (Naidoo, 2009) within tropical and subtropical coastal rivers, estuaries and bays of the world (Zhou et al., 2010) , where they may receive organic materials from estuarine or oceanic ecosystems (Ellison & Farnsworth, 2000). In addition, mangroves have been defined by Hamilton and Snedaker (1984) as salt tolerant ecosystems of the intertidal regions along coastlines. Mangroves generally grow in loose, wet soils, saltwater and are periodically submerged by tidal flows along sheltered coastal, estuarine and riverine areas in tropical and subtropical latitudes (Kasawaniet al., 2007). In order to fulfill their important socio-economic and environmental services, issues concerning mangrove functions and their biodiversity have grown in importance in conservation biology all over the world (BadolaH JennerjohnI Radhika, 2006; Simardet al., 2006). Furthermore, mangrove roots become habitat for terrestrial species as well as marine plants, algae, invertebrates and vertebrates. Mangroves provide a habitat for a wide variety of species with high populations. Mangroves are also important to humans for a variety of reasons, but especially in aquaculture, agriculture, forestry and protection against shoreline erosion, and as a source of firewood, building material, and other local subsistence use (Walters et al, 2008).

Investigation of Reproductive Birds in Hara Biosphere Reserve, Threats and Management Strategies