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Due to new information about the pathophysiology and biomechanics of degenerative lumbar spine disease, the surgical treatment of this disease has undergone a significant increase over the past forty years. Novel diagnostic approaches and the development of new materials provided the impetus to produce new types of instrumentation, and these instruments have led to the modernization of interbody fusion including PLIF, TLIF and ALIF methods. These interventions are currently performed in either an open mini-invasive or endoscopic manner. The open interventions are indicated in cases where the spinal canal stenosis is caused by severe degenerative lesions affecting the motion of intervertebral discs, joints, ligaments, or vertebral arch. Despite the development of other surgical techniques (e.g., functional disc substitutes, dynamic stabilization), the posterior interbody fusion represents a powerful approach in the surgical treatment of degenerative stenosis of the spinal canal.

Development and Clinical Evaluation of Bioactive Implant for Interbody Fusion in the Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease