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Plinthosols are soils that have inherent limitations such as the formation of highly condensed layers, surface crust formation and restricted water percolation, thereby hampering their management for agricultural production. According to Embrapa (2006), this kind of soil when subjected to the continual process of wetting and drying encourages the development of a plinthic horizon, which means that the soil remains saturated and is subject to water table level fluctuations. In order to reduce the impact of the limitations of these soils, proper conservative management systems have to be applied. These systems shall have to take into account the soil quality, improving water retention, reducing soil’s lost, increasing soil’s biological activity, improving exchanging of heat and gases between soil and atmosphere as well as the availability of air, water and nutrients to plants. Thus, understanding the relationship between infiltration and physical attributes in this soil is important for ensuring adequate soil and crop management. Water infiltration into the soil is one of the basic factors for estimating irrigation intensity according to the plants’ requirements; with the aim of avoiding problems of run-off and surface degradation. Ascertaining the infiltration rate and accumulated water quantity is of great importance due to their application in the agriculture and environment, allowing for estimating surface run-off, suspended particle transport, sediment availability, and aquifers capacity to be recharged, defining irrigation systems and studying the effects of different soil management practices (Machiwal et al., 2006; Strudley et al., 2008). This chapter presents a characterization of that soil and of a conservative management system in a research that evaluated the variability of water infiltration and its relation to soil’s physical attributes.

Surface Infiltration on Tropical Plinthosols in Maranhão, Brazil