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The invention of the self-cleaning fluidised bed heat exchangers dates back to 1971 when the principal author of this chapter was involved in the discovery and development of a very unique Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) evaporator for the desalination of seawater. The condensers used in this thermal desalination plant used stationary fluidised beds in multi-parallel condenser tubes. The particles fluidised in these tubes consisted of glass beads of 2 mm diameter. These small glass beads knocked of scale crystals from the tube wall at their very early stage of formation and, moreover, the turbulence created by the stirring action of the glass beads in the liquid caused thinning of the laminar boundary layer. This dramatically improved the heat transfer film coefficient in spite of very low liquid velocities in the tubes and reduced pumping power requirements.

Self-Cleaning Fluidised Bed Heat Exchangers for Severely Fouling Liquids and Their Impact on Process Design