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Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been associated with human beings for more than 6000 years due to its use in food production, baking, wine and beer making. Potable and industrial ethanol production constitutes the majority of use of S. cerevisiae in biotechnological applications. However, baker’s yeast also plays an important role as a model organism in the field of biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology. S. cerevisiae was the first eukaryotic organism to be sequenced in 1996 [Goffeau et al., 1996], and is clearly the most ideal eukaryotic microorganism for biological studies. Furthermore, the ease of genetic manipulation of yeast allows it to be used for analyzing and functionally dissecting gene products from other eukaryotes. The field of metabolic engineering, which utilizes genetic tools to manipulate microbial metabolism to enhance the production of compounds of interest has a particularly strong impact by providing new platforms for chemical production and facilitating the expansion of industrial (white) biotechnology [Nevoigt, 2008]. Baker’s yeast can also be used as host organism for novel production of some industrially relevant chemicals. Our review focuses on the progress that has been achieved in the production of fine chemicals, bulk chemicals and fuels by genetic manipulation of the enzymatic activity of yeast, the combining of enzyme pathways from different microorganisms into S. cerevisiae and expressing genes from S. cerevisiae in other hosts. Attention to biotransformations catalyzed by genetically modified yeast will also be considered.

Genetically Modified Baker’s Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Chemical Synthesis and Biotransformations