English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The term biomaterials refers to materials that have been designed to be implanted or placed inside a live system with the aims to substitute or regenerate tissue and tissue functions. Williams defines biomaterials as those that are used in devices for biomedical use designed to interact with biological systems (Williams, 1986). Classically, biomaterials are divided into four types: polymers, metals, ceramics and natural materials. Two different types of biomaterials can be combined to obtain a fifth type known as composite biomaterials (Abramson et al., 2004). Biomaterials are widely used in orthopedic, dental, cardiovascular, ophthalmological, and reconstructive surgery, among other applications. The discovery of relatively inert metals and alloys has led to their use in the field of biomedical applications such as orthopedics and dentistry, and their use in increasing due to their physical-chemical properties and compatibility with biological surroundings (Ratner et al., 2004). One of the most frequently employed metallic biomaterials is titanium (Anderson et al., 2004). Though zirconium is not widely used as a clinical material, it is chemically closely related to and has several properties in common with titanium (Thomsen et al., 1997). Although both titanium and zirconium are transition metals, their physicochemical properties such as oxidation velocity, interaction with water, crystalline structure, transport properties, and those of their oxides differ quantitatively (Henrich & Cox, 1994); these differences may have an effect on biological response (Thomsen et al., 1997). Indeed, the use of zirconium and zirconium alloys to manufacture implants for traumatological, orthopedic, and dental applications has been reported (Sherepo et al., 2004; Sollazzo et al., 2007).

Systemic and Local Tissue Response to Titanium Corrosion