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The majority of phosphorous in plant seed, especially cereal grains and legumes, is myoinositol hexaphosphate (phytate or IP6) (Rosa et al., 1999). Structure of IP6 is shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows distribution of IP6 in some plant foods. Unrefined cereals and soybean products contain high levels of IP6. Rice bran contains IP6 more than 6,000 mg/100 g of dry matter. IP6 has a strong capability to chelate multivalent metal ions, particularly zinc, calcium, and iron ions, which results in the formation of highly insoluble salts (Nolan et al., 1987; Hotz et al., 2001). The IP6 can be hydrolyzed by enzyme (phytase) and converted to lower myo-inositol phosphates; from inositol pentaphosphate (IP5) to inositol monophosphate (IP1) and myo-inositol. It has been demonstrated that the metal complexes with IP1−IP4 are more soluble than those with IP5 and IP6 (Sandberg et al., 1989). Animal experiments have demonstrated that the ingestion of the meal that contains more than 1% IP6 decreases intestinal absorption of metal ions and induces the metal ion deficiency (Hirabayashi et al., 1998; Grases et al., 2001). In some communities, unrefined cereals are still main ingredients for the diet. In addition, the unrefined grains of rice, wheat, rye, etc., are richer in various minerals, dietary fiber, vitamins, and other bioactive components than refined ones. Therefore, these unrefined cereals are used as food ingredients for bread,

Utilization of Aspergillus niger Phytase Preparation for Hydrolysis of Phytate in Foods