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Cerebral ischemia is a serious dynamic event in the brain involving heterogeneous cell types. Neuroprotective agents represent a potential approach for the treatment of acute stroke. Presently, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only drug that is approved for the management of acute ischaemic stroke, except for the antioxidant Edaravone in Japan (Yoshida et al., 2006). Although stroke patients can receive rtPA therapy within the initial 3 h therapeutic window, there is an increased risk of intracranial haemorrhage, disruption of the blood brain barrier, seizures, or the progression of neuronal damage (Laloux, 2001). Thus, there is a continued need to explore novel neuroprotective strategies for the management of ischemic stroke. A large number of therapeutic agents have been tested, including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, calcium channel blockers, and antioxidants, for the management of stroke, but none has provided significant neuroprotection in clinical trials (Green et al., 2003; Kidwell et al., 2001).

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Neuroprotective Effect of Hypothermia in Cerebral Ischemia