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22 páginas, 3 figuras, 3 tablas.We compared information on 26 lowland Neotropical florulas, in order to assess which processes are correlated with the patterns of floristic similarities, based on plant species richness within families and genera. The results at the family level indicated that floristic similarity is significantly correlated with ecological factors (e.g., rainfall patterns, temperature and the distance to young mountains as a proxy of\udsedimentation processes), but is not correlated with geographical distance. At the genus level,\udagain, ecological factors were highly correlated with floristic similarity. However, at this\udlevel geographical distance was also significantly correlated with floristic similarity. These quantitative results support\udGentry’s theory which states that floristic affinities, in terms of patterns of species richness, are determined mainly by ecological factors. However, stochastic processes seem to play a minor but significant role, given that the most species-rich genera were similar between\udclose-by areas, as predicted by neutral models. Our findings and an accumulating body of evidence show that forest composition does change along environmental gradients, in spite of the occurrence of widely distributed species along Neotropical forests.We thank the department of Biological Sciences and the Faculty of Sciences at Universidad de Los Andes, for the support to conduct this investigation. We thank Diana Guzman for comments and corrections.Peer reviewe

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Patterns of Plant Species Richness Within Families and Genera in Lowland Neotropical Forests: Are Similarities Related to Ecological Factors or to Chance?