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Tropical forests are highly productive, structurally complex, genetically rich renewable genetic resources (Roy et al., 2002). The tropical deforestation contributes to increase in atmospheric CO2 and other gases affecting the climate and biodiversity. Though such type of forests occupy less than 7% of the land surface, there have the higher distinction of harbouring 50% of all plant and animal species (Mayers, 1992). The rate of forest loss due to deforestation as reported by Food and Agriculture Organistion [FAO, (2001)] is 15.2 million hectare per year (Data from 1990-2000). Assessment of the plant diversity of forest ecosystems is one of the fundamental goals of ecological research and is essential for providing information on ecosystem function and stability (World Conservation Monitoring Centre [WCMC], 1992; Tilman 2000; Townsend et. al., 2008). It has attracted attention of ecologists because of the growing awareness of its importance on the one hand and the massive depletion on the other (Singh, 2002; Lewis, 2009). Out of sixteen major forest types of India (Champion and Seth, 1968), tropical forests occupy 38 % of the total forest area in India (Dixit, 1997). However, in Orissa forest ecosystems cover about 37.34% of the State’s geographical area and about 7.66% of country’s forests. Large population of the state utilizes various components of the forests for both commercial and subsistence purposes. In the past few decades, heavy human pressure has reduced the forested area in the state resulting in degradation and fragmentation of historically contiguous landscapes posing threats to plant diversity (Murthy et al., 2007). It is now high time to conserve the plant diversity and has the task become a major concern for much of the society and for many governments and government agencies at all levels (Tripathi and Singh, 2009).

Composition and Stand Structure of Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa, India