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In 1853, a surgeon at the London Hospital, Adams J, discovered the first case of prostate cancer by histological examination [1]. In the report, he noted that the condition was “a very rare disease”. Remarkably, 150 years later, prostate cancer has become a significant health problem and disease. Prostate cancer continues to have the highest incidence rate of any other type of cancer in male, and it is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in male (in the United States), with about 220k new cases diagnosed each year only in US [2-4]. Detection rates of prostate cancers vary widely across through the world, with less frequently detecting in East and South Asia than in Europe, and especially in the United States. Prostate cancer tends to develop in men over the age of fifty, and although it is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in men. However, many of those patients never have symptoms, while undergo no therapy, and eventually die of other causes. The increased incidence of prostate cancer patients has led to remarkable changes in diagnosis and treatment over the past decades. Fifty years ago the typical patient was a man in his early seventies who was diagnosed with metastases to the bone and/or soft tissues [5]. Characteristically, these lesions were bulky and histologically poorly differentiated. Diagnosis at such an advanced disease status was a death sentence, with patients dying within less than two years. Prostate cancer is currently diagnosed by sector biopsy in men presenting with an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen level. As for all biopsies, sector biopsy for prostate cancer is invasive and limited by sampling error [6]. Now there is a genetic and biochemical framework for understanding the process of both sporadic and inherited forms of prostate cancer, especially with the development of the new discipline, molecular imaging, a valuable tool for the diagnosis for prostate cancer [7]. At present, owing to the use of molecular imaging modality, together with the traditional serum PSA screening and improved biopsy techniques, most patients could be diagnosed with prostate cancer at a stage when it is potentially curable by surgical and/or radiological approaches . As a result, the good news is that the diagnosis of prostate cancer is no longer automatically a death sentence [8].

Recent Development and Trends in Molecular Imaging Probes for Prostate Cancer