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The fungal lignin-degrading enzymes lignin peroxidase (LiP, E.C. 1.11.1.14), Mn-dependent peroxidase (MnP, E.C. 1.11.1.13), and phenol oxidase (laccase) (Lac, E.C. 1.10.3.2) can degrade or polymerize organic pollutants such as polychlorophenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated hydrocarbons (Fernando and Aust, 1994; Hammel, 1989; Hirano et al., 2000; Levin et al., 2003; Lin et al., 1990; Lovley et al., 1994; Mohn and Tiedje, 1992; Reddyy et al., 1998). However, to maintain such fungal lignin-degrading enzymes at adequate levels for degradation or detoxification (bioremediation), appropriate additions of both microorganisms and nutrients are essential over long periods of time. Recently, phytoremediation technology has gained attention for its potential as an ecological remediation tool of contaminated soil and water, as plants can grow autotrophically. Establishment of effective phytoremediation technology is a suitable strategy for the longterm remediation of contaminated areas. Phytoremediation includes some processes based on the plant functions as follows; phytostabilization, which is accumulation of pollutants in the rhizosphere by absorption on the root surface, precipitation, and complexation of pollutants; rhizodegradation, which is degradation of pollutants by interaction with rhizosphere microorganisms; phytoaccumulation (phytoextraction), which is uptake and accumulation of pollutants by plants; phytodegradation (phytotransformation), which is uptake and degradation of pollutants by plants; and phytovolatilization, which is uptake and volatilization of pollutants by transpiration from contaminated area. To widely apply the benefit of phytoremediation, improvement and reinforcement of the abilities for uptake, accumulation and degradation of pollutants using genetic engineering are one of the important development subjects.

Phytoremediation of Bis-Phenol A via Secretory Fungal Peroxidases Produced by Transgenic Plants