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In terrestrial ecosystems, nutrient recycling is driven by the belowground decomposition process because it supplies most of the production to the soil system (Swift et al. 1979; Cebrian 1999). Soil links the aboveground plants and the belowground community (Wardle, 2002). Soil nutrient cycling is controlled by interactions among living soil organisms, plant litter quality, soil physical and chemical status, temperature, and water condition. In soil-organism processes, large soil animals rapidly change microbial activity (Hanlon and Anderson 1980) and the litter decomposition rate (Bonkowski et al. 1998) and modify soil structure (Barois et al. 1993). Consequently, primary decomposition and plant growth are affected not only by microbes but also by soil animals (Wall and Moore 1999; Wardle 2002). The overall faunal contribution to nitrogen (N) mobilization has been estimated as approximately 30% in forest ecosystems (Verhoef and Brussaard 1990). Schroter et al. (2003) calculated that the total amount of N mineralized by fauna in European coniferous forests ranged from 11 kg N ha-1 a-1 in northern Sweden to 73 kg N ha-1 a-1 in Germany.

Plant Productivity is Temporally Enhanced by Soil Fauna Depending on the Life Stage and Abundance of Animals