English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Throughout human evolution, plants have provided us with food, fibers to produce clothes, and medicines to treat different kind of diseases. In fact, we could say that plants represent the “chemists” of the antiquity. Examples of important therapeutic molecules obtained from plants are morphine, atropine, ephedrine, codeine, and digitalin and so on (Farnsworth et al., 1985). Plants have always been a common source of medicaments, either in the form of traditional preparations or as pure active principles. For many people worldwide, natural plant-based remedies are used to treat both acute and chronic health problems. Indeed, about 40% of the drugs prescribed in the USA and Europe come from active compounds found in plants (Rates, 2001; Sivakumar, 2006). The chemical synthesis of these plantderived compounds led to the production of pharmaceuticals at an industrial level, allowing the development of medicament industry. These active compounds from plants have been basically small molecules. Aspirin, one of the most famous medicaments, was developed as an analogous of the salicylic acid extracted from willow bark in the 19st century (Knablein, 2005). Moreover, the development of more sophisticated extraction and purification procedures allowed the extraction of alkaloids (morphine) and other kind of molecules from plants and mammals (Lienard et al., 2007). However, chemical synthesis has some limitations to produce complex therapeutic molecules such as antibodies. So, many therapeutic molecules have to be isolated and purified from living material (e.g. from blood plasma), which involves a high risk of transmission of pathogens to the manufactured product (Engelhard, 2007).

Transgenic Plants as Biofactories for the Production of Biopharmaceuticals: A Case Study of Human Placental Lactogen