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The application of knowledge with strong physiological basis of crop yield, allied to genetic and environmental factors, is essential in developing proper practices for crop management aiming high yields (Floss, 2008). Several aspects determine the performance of a particular crop plant in a given environment, such as temperature, water availability, incidence of pests, plant genetics and management applied. Although it is virtually impossible to control all these factors, plant behavior can be assessed when submitted to different levels of these factors to understand how the responses of the plant to that given stress are formed (Radosevich et al., 2007; Gurevitch et al., 2009). Population growth leads to an increasing demand for food, fibers and energy, and requires both expansion of the area for crops as well as higher crop yields. In both cases, one of the limiting factors is the occurrence of weed species. The high cost of human labor led farmers to choose weed control practices which allow reduction of the production costs (Silva et al., 2007). In the past, chemical management was used as the only method of weed control, but several problems led to the development of cultural methods as effective tools for lasting and low cost weed management. More recently the physiology and ecology of crops and weed species gained increasing importance in the development of methods of weed control (Radosevich et al., 2007; Gurevitch et al., 2009). Several studies of competition between crops and weed species were conducted and the results of these studies are being applied at planning of integrated management practices such as crop rotation, succession, crop-livestock integration and winter crops as tools for suppressing weed occurrence (Severino, 2005; Ceccon, 2007). Most of these studies allow modeling the dynamics of weeds infestation in certain crops and optimizing the system as a whole, based in dry mass accumulation, plants height, number of tillers or branches, number of inflorescences and other directly measured variables (Galon et al., 2007; Fleck et al., 2008; Bianchi et al., 2010).

Physiology of Crops and Weeds Under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses