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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects about 8 million people every year and causes death of about 2-3 million (Raviglione, 2003). In recent times, there has been a wider spread of tuberculosis, mainly due to emergence of multi drug resistance (MDR) bacilli and enhanced susceptibility to the disease by patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Elliot et al., 1995; Chintu and Mwinga, 1999). Transmission of the infection by Mtb bacilli is air borne and occurs through inhalation of aerosol containing the bacilli exhaled by coughing, sneezing or spitting by patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. The inhaled bacilli are engulfed by the alveolar macrophages, where the bacilli are able to persist successfully in a latent or proliferating state. This persistence is achieved by modulation of several intracellular signaling pathways in order to create a suitable environment for the bacilli. The interplay of mycobacteria with host signaling pathways is a complex and dynamic process that is not clearly understood. Mtb secretes several molecules that modulate the signaling pathways (Koul et al., 2004). Most of these molecules commonly target macrophages, which helps the bacilli to evade innate immune response and propagate throughout the system (Rosenberger and Finlay, 2003).

Mycobacterium tuberculosis RD-1 Secreted Antigens as Protective and Risk Factors for Tuberculosis