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The Mongolian steppe zone comprises a major part of the East Asian grasslands. The regional climate is typically continental and semiarid, with low precipitation and large diurnal and annual temperature fluctuations. Rainfall normally occurs during the warm season (i.e., summer), but large interannual variability in the amount and pattern of rain has been observed and the area has often suffered from droughts. Respiratory CO2 efflux from terrestrial ecosystems (ecosystem respiration, Reco) is an important component of the global carbon cycle, and since Reco includes soil respiration (both root respiration and heterotrophic microbial decomposition) as well as aboveground respiration, rates of Reco depend on complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors. In general, temperature has been recognized as the major regulator of Reco (Fang & Moncrieff, 2001; Lloyd & Taylor, 1994). Although many temperature models have been proposed, the simplest is the so-called exponential Q10 relationship (van’t Hoff model), whereby the parameter Q10 represents the factor by which the respiration rate increases with a 10°C temperature increase. Soil water is also an important variable controlling Reco, especially in semiarid and arid regions (e.g., Davidson et al., 1998; Hunt et al., 2002; Wen et al., 2006; Xu & Qi, 2001). Studies have shown that both very low and very high water content reduces ecosystem and soil respiration via the direct inhibition of biological activity or the inhibition of oxygen diffusion, respectively (Davidson et al., 1998; Gaumont-Guay et al., 2006; Wen et al., 2006). An increasing number of studies have indicated that Reco rates are positively correlated with features of plant productivity such as the photosynthetic rate, leaf area index, and dry weight of green biomass (e.g., Aires et al., 2008; Crain et al., 1999; Jassal et al., 2008; Sampson et al., 2007). Grassland ecosystems in semiarid regions demonstrate a sensitive response to climate changes, especially to changes in precipitation (Miyazaki et al., 2004; Ni, 2003; Shinoda et al., 2010), suggesting that interannual climate variability can lead to major changes in the respiratory CO2 release from the ecosystem. Studies have demonstrated that the ecosystem switches from a net carbon sink during non-drought years to a net carbon source in drought years (Aires et al., 2008; Meyers, 2001). We conducted field measurements of CO2 fluxes and environmental parameters in a semiarid grassland area of Mongolia since 2004 and have quantitatively documented the

Modeling of the Interannual Variation in Ecosystem Respiration of a Semiarid Grassland