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The role of the thyroid gland in pregnancy and the impact of thyroid disorders on the course of pregnancy and development of the offspring have drawn a considerable interest in the recent years, both in the medical and in the general society. About 10% of pregnant women are positive for autoantibodies against thyroperoxidase (TPOAb) (Glinoer 2007, Lazarus and Kokandi 2000, Springer 2009) and between 2 and 4% suffer subclinical or overt hypothyroidism (Casey 2005; Vaidya 2007, Springer 2009). Dysfunction of the maternal thyroid in pregnancy adversely affects the course of pregnancy and the psychomotor development of the offspring (Haddow 1999, Morreale de Escobar 2004). According to recent findings, even the mere positivity of TPOAb without concomitant thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women may have a negative impact on the psychomotor development of the child (Li 2010). Furthermore, up to one half of the TPOAb-positive (TPOAb+) pregnant women develop postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) which can lead to persistent hypothyroidism in about one third of women (Lazarus and Premawardhana 2008). According to recent findings of Stagnaro-Green, this proportion may be even much higher and persistent hypothyroidism may affect up to one-half of women with history of PPT (Stagnaro-Green 2011b). If unrecognised and untreated, late postpartum thyroid dysfunction, in most cases subclinical (SH) or overt hypothyroidism (OH) may have a longterm negative effect not only on the mother s health, but also on the next pregnancies.

Universal Screening for Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy: Experience of the Czech Republic