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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) constitute a group of incurable, inflammatory GI diseases of unknown etiology and the chronic course, with periods of spontaneous disease remissions and aggravations (Muszynski, 2001). This group of diseases includes Crohn`s disease and ulcerative colitis. They are characterized by inflammatory reactions and changes in the structure of intestinal mucosa (Rzeszutko, 2006). IBD etiopathogenesis is not clearly defined. The most essential etiological issues include environmental factors, genetic conditioning, abnormalities of intestinal immunological mechanisms and the bacterial flora (Konturek, 2001). The inflammation which develops in the intestine is mostly due to improper, low-fiber diet which is based on highly processed products and on the poor physical activity. Familial diseases confirmed in 10% of cases speak for the genetic source. Immunological mechanisms which develop in response to food and bacterial antigens are extremely significant (Muszynski, 2001; Polinska et al., 2009). A markedly increased interest has been observed in the intestinal microflora which is believed to be essential in inducing IBD development and in relapses of its clinical symptoms. Bacteria which are normally resident in the GI tract determine the proper work of intestines and protect from excessive proliferation of undesired microorganisms. The contribution of the intestinal flora to the development of the biofilm, which prevents the colonization of pathogens including fungi of the genus Candida in the GI tract, is extremely significant. The area of interest in fungi which are a part of microflora and constitute a potential source of systemic dissemination by colonizing the GI tract has greatly increased lately (Berhardt & Knoke, 1997). In the normal environment fungi are in balance with the bacterial flora and as commensals do not induce the inflammation. The main cause of its development, however, is the immune system impairment and a decrease of immunity. It affects patients with neoplasms and transplant recipients (Pfaller & Diekema, 2007; Warnock & Campbell, 1996). Other diseases causing inflammations are: diabetes and other endocrinopathies, infections due to HIV virus and also surgical procedures, damaged tissues and inflammations of the

Genetic Differentiation of Fungi of the Genus Candida Isolated from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases