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The antiproliferative effect of different extracts obtained from Retama monosperma L. was investigated on human SiHa and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines using a MTT colorimetric assay. The Retama monosperma L. dichloromethane fraction (Rm-DF) was the most active extract, exhibiting a significant cytotoxic activity on both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, after 72 h of treatment. IC50 values obtained were 14.57 ± 4.15 μg/ml and 21.33 ± 7.88 μg/ml, for SiHa and HeLa cell lines respectively. The morphological features assessment of apoptosis in Rm-DF-treated cells showed a condensation of chromatin and apoptotic bodies, accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and an increase in reactive oxygen species in both cell lines. The induction of apoptosis was further confirmed by Western blotting pro-caspase 3, Bcl2 and PARP; caspase 3 activity assay; and Annexin V labelling. Analysis of Rm-DF by CG/MS revealed the presence of five known quinolizidine alkaloids as well as, sparteine (10,97%), L-methyl cytisine (9.11%), 17-oxosparteine (3.49%), lupanine (0.93%) and anagyrine (39.63%). This study shows that Retama monosperma L. extract exhibits a potential anticancer activity against cervical cancer cell lines in vitro through the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis, which may involve a mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway.

Antiproliferative Effect and Induction of Apoptosis by Inula viscosa L. and Retama monosperma L. Extracts in Human Cervical Cancer Cells