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Ultrasonic phased array technology has become popular in the field of industrial nondestructive testing (NDT). The technology is notable for its capability to provide images of the inside of a target in real time. Since the image quality results from rapid steering and focusing of the radiation beam from an array transducer, it is essential to have well understood characteristics of the radiated beam. Even though fundamental concepts of the array transducer in medical fields were introduced over 30 years ago (Macovski, 1979), the beam modeling and optimization of the array transducer for the NDT have only been investigated intensively in the past decade (Azar et al., 2000; Song & Kim, 2002). The characteristics of the radiated beam from the ultrasonic phased array transducer vary according to the transducer parameters such as frequency, aperture size, number of elements, pitch(inter-element spacing), element width, layout dimensions and so forth. If these parameters are not chosen properly, spurious grating lobes or side lobes with high amplitude will exist in the radiation beam field. Consequently, the image quality will be deteriorated significantly.

3-D Modelings of an Ultrasonic Phased Array Transducer and Its Radiation Properties in Solid