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The term water harvesting means the concentration, collection, and distribution of water that would naturally exit a landscape through other processes (runoff, evaporation). Although very simple in concept and ancient in its history of application, it is surprising that this traditional water management approach is not more commonly implemented. When utilized, water harvesting is normally found in irrigated agriculture and domestic water supply applications, usually in less developed and impoverished regions of the globe. It has been found (Boers & Ben-Asher, 1982) that literature for water harvesting applied to crop production was sparser than expected. There have been applications on rangeland, particularly for desired management effects such as enhanced forage growth, landscape level distribution of livestock water supply, and rehabilitation of deteriorated or degraded resource conditions. Although applications in irrigated agriculture and domestic water supply are similar, this chapter focuses on the documented rangeland water harvesting approaches, which are even less common than those applications for crop production. (e.g., Frasier & Myers, 1983, Hudson, 1987, Critchley, et al., 1991, and Renner & Frazier, 1995). The percentage of the world’s total land surface area occupied by rangeland is between 40% to 70% depending on the definition used by the author (Branson, et al., 1981; Heady & Child 1994; and Holechek et al., 1995). Approximately 80% of all the world’s rangeland is found in arid and semiarid regions (Branson et al., 1981), of which, the rangelands in the southwestern U.S. are good examples. The Jornada Experimental Range (Jornada) in south central New Mexico is representative of both the southwestern U.S. and the world’s arid to semiarid rangeland and is a long-term ecological research site that has produced almost a century of important rangeland research knowledge (Havstad et al., 2006). There are a number of unanswered questions that will be addressed in this chapter. Specifically, why haven’t water harvesting techniques been used more frequently in arid and semiarid rangelands, and where they have been used, what problems have been encountered and what gaps in our knowledge still exist? Briefly, water harvesting has been used on rangelands but the documentation of the results are widely scattered. No insurmountable problems have been encountered, but a synthesis of existing results in one chapter should provide easier access to the existing literature for informed decisions on where and how to employ various water harvesting approaches. The authors have reviewed

Review of Water-Harvesting Techniques to Benefit Forage Growth and Livestock on Arid and Semiarid Rangelands