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The process of aging causes several physiological alterations and body modification in elderly people. These changes include decrease in bone mass and muscular strength, rigidity in joints, and range of movement reduction in addition to changes in the central nervous system such as slow nerve conduction velocity (Deschenes, 2011), cocontraction of antagonist muscles, and alterations in the sensorial systems (visual, somatosensitive, vestibular functions), all contributing for the impairment of postural control and functional activities (Gauchard et al., 2003). The maintenance of the postural stability is important during functional activities such as sitting down and standing up, walking, as well as for performing volitional movements coordinately, which is essential for daily tasks. The increase of postural control system deficit, which is associated to aging, has a strong relation to the risk of falls. In Brazil, data from the Ministry of Health shown that 28,459 elderly persons had died between 1979 and 1995 due to falls and, in February 2000, the inpatient mortality rate for falls was 2.58%. Changes in postural control and decreased muscle strength and power are important risk factors for falls, especially in the elderly, since there is a reduction in muscle strength of 30-50% between 30 -80 years, especially in the lower limbs (Burke et al., 2010; Janssen et al., 2002). The reduction in muscle strength occurs due to the reduction in the number and size of muscle fibers. Mainly type II fibers (fast contraction), which are most affected in relation to type I fibers (slow contraction) (Frontera et al., 1991). The intensity of the muscle fibers loss depends on the degree of physical activity, nutrition, hereditary factor and lifestyle throughout life. In addition to losing in maximum muscle strength due to the aging process, there is also the loss of muscle power (force x speed), leading to a greater impairment in performance of functional activities, which requires agility, such as standing and walking, and increase susceptibility to falls (Marsh, 2000; Hunter et al., 2004). The sit-to-stand test is a widely used tool in clinical practice because it is easy to apply and it requires simple matters, which are chair (without armrests) and a stopwatch. There are several ways to perform the test, but the way that is most commonly used, is to perform five

Impaired Ability to Perform the Sit-to-Stand Task in Osteoporotic Women