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The increase in longevity achieved at present, the population has determined a striking increase in the prevalence of certain diseases and in other cases, the emergence of new forms of illness and during different life stages (1). Osteoporosis is defined as a decrease in bone mass associated with the deterioration of bone tissue architecture and increased fracture risk, has become a serious public health problem in our society that affects a wide strata of the population age variable, though increasingly common among younger (2). There are two types of osteoporosis, primary and secondary. Primary osteoporosis is rare affecting one case per 100,000 subjects. For high school, its frequency is higher, being secondary to diseases or drug therapies. Table 1 shows the main causes that can lead to a primary or secondary osteoporosis. The bone will undergo changes during growth reaching its peak during the second decade. After the fourth decade, there is progressive increase in bone loss that mainly affects trabecular tissue at both the peripheral and axial. Accordingly, it is during childhood when determining events occur in the development of adequate bone mineralization and bone mass final (3). It is now accepted that osteoporosis in the adult subject has its origins in childhood. Accordingly, the prevention of it would begin with the empowerment of those factors that promote the acquisition of optimal bone mass development. Now if we take into account the dietary habits and sedentary marking between the current youth population, we can glimpse the high risk of developing the disorder to an increasingly early age (3). During the first decade of life, the appendicular skeleton is growing faster than the axial. Also, the bone mineralization process starts in utero found strongly influenced by calcium intake during growth. However, calcium requirements vary throughout life, being greatest during the first years of life and in times such as puberty, pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, the loss of bone mass increases with age and accelerates with menopause. In this sense, it is advisable to increase the intake of calcium from the perimenopause. For pediatric patients, there is a relationship between bone mass and size. However, in periods like puberty and after the pubertal growth spurt can be established called an imbalance between the rate of bone growth rate and increased bone mass resulting from this transient increase in bone fragility (4).

Osteoporosis in Pediatric Patients and Its Clinical Management